Government social assistance programmes in education include school operational assistance programme, a scholarship programme for students from poor families, and a school construction and rehabilitation programme. The fourth amendment of the Constitution stipulates that the budget for education shall be at least 20 per cent of the total State budget. Based on this, the education budget in 2012 is IDR 308 trillion (Indonesian Financial Note and Revised Budget 2011) and expected to be IDR 331.8 trillion in 2013 (Indonesian Financial Note and Draft Budget 2011).

School operational assistance (Bantuan Operasional Sekolah – BOS) | data

• Target: it transfers block grants to schools with the objectives of providing free basic education from grades one to grade nine to poor students and ensuring that all students attain quality basic education. The programme covered 44.7 million students in 2012.
• Benefits: since 2010, the programme offers two different levels of per capita grants for school in urban and in rural areas. Budget allocation for schools in urban areas amounts to IDR 400,000 per student per year for primary school students and IDR 575,000 per student per year for junior secondary school students, while schools in rural areas receive a per capita grant of IDR 397,000 per year for primary level and IDR 570,000 per year for junior secondary school students (Indonesian Financial Note and Revised Budget 2011).

Scolarships for poor (Beasiswa untuk Siswa Miskin – BSM, and Subsidi untuk Siswa Miskin – SSM) | data

• Target: poor students from primary to university levels. Targeting for this programme still lacks clarity. The number of beneficiaries is determined by the availability of funds received by provincial authorities from the Ministry of Education. Selection of beneficiaries is often left to local education offices or headmasters of the school. At the national level, there is an agreement that the scholarship should prioritize children whose families are in the conditional cash transfer programma (PKH programme, described below). as they are from very poor families. However, in practice schools and local education offices may have different considerations, such as redistribution of resources to poor students who don't get any assistance from the PKH programme. In 2012, the programme budget of IDR 5.9 trillion covered 6.3 million students (Indonesian Financial Note and Revised Budget 2012).
• Benefits: In 2012 the Government changed the programme name from scholarship for Poor Students, Beasiswa untuk Siswa Miskin (BSM), to Subsidies for Poor Students, Subsidi untuk Siswa Miskin (SSM). Subsidies are transferred directly to students, mainly via post service, in several tranches a year.

Program Keluarga Haparan (PKH) | data

• Target: the PKH programme is primarily designed to improve maternal and neonatal health as well as children's education among poor households. Beneficiaries consist of households with children younger than 15 years of age (also includes children 15-18 years who have not yet completed the ninth grade) and/or pregnant or lactating women. In 2012, PKH covers 33 provinces and 1.5 million very poor households. The programme is expected to reach 3 million households in all districts by 2014 (Indonesian State budget 2012; Ministry of Social Affairs, 2010; consultation with staff of the Ministry of Social Affairs in 2011).
• Benefits: Depending on the family structure and their compliance with the programme's educational and health requirements, households receive IDR 600,000 to 2,200,000 per year. Programmed conditions include: (1) children are enrolled in school and attend at least 85% of school days; (2) pregnant and lactating mothers as well as infants of 0-6 years of age regularly visit health facilities for health checks.

Child labour reduction programme in support to the PKH (Pengurangan Pekerja Anak untuk Mendukung PKH – PPA-PKH) | data

• Target: PPA-PKH aims to reduce child labour among PKH target households. In 2012, the programme target 10,750 children from 84 districts in 21 provinces.
• Benefits: The programme prepares children in PKH families, who have previously dropped out of school for the purpose of work, to return to school. The children receive motivational and academic training for one month at training shelters, as well as out of shelter consultations by social workers, in order to prepare them to return to school.

Children's social welfare programme (Program Kesejahteraan Sosial Anak – PKSA) | data

• Target: PKSA programme is a special conditional cash transfer for children with social problems. The programme targets five groups of children: abandoned infants/infants with special needs (five years of younger), abandoned children (6-18 years old), street children (6-18 years old), children with criminal charges (6-16 years old) and children with disabilities (0-18 years old). This programme covers only a small fraction of the children in need. In addition, this programme faces challenges in collecting and updating data on targeted children. The children enrolled under the programme are those who have been identified by NGOs and social organizations, likely leaving many children with social problems unidentified.
• Benefits: the programme provides a savings account (IDR 1.8 million per year in 2011) which can be withdrawn to purchase any necessities, with the approval of a dedicated social worker. Conditions vary across groups (staying in school, stop working on the street, not participating in criminal activity).

Rice for the poor (Beras untuk Orang Miskin – Raskin) | data

• Target: poor households. In 2012, the government allocated a budget of IDR 15.7 trillion to subsidize 3.41 million tonnes of rice to be distributed to 17.5 million households (Indonesian Financial Note and Revised Budget, 2012).
• Benefits: distribution of rice at a subsidized price.

School feeding programme (Program Makanan Tambahan Anak Sekolah – PMTAS) | data

• Target: Kindergarten and elementary school students in 27 less developed districts in Indonesia. In 2011, the programme targeted around 1.4 million kindergarten and elementary students in general public schools as well as Islamic schools.
• Benefits: The programme provides additional food for kindergarten and elementary school students. Students receive three meals every week. The programme prescribes that the food provided to students must be obtained locally.

Universal basic vaccinations for children under five years old

• Target: all children of zero to five years of age. UNICEF and WHO estimate that vaccination coverage in 2011 was 82% for BCG, 86% for DPT1, 63% DPT3, 63% for HepB3, 70% for Polio3, 89% for measles.
• Benefits: Basic vaccinations are provided for free for all children of zero to five years of age. These vaccinations include BCG, DPT1-3, HepB3, Polio, and Measles.