Chapter 3

Guide: Structure | Chapter 1 | Chapter 2 | Chapter 3 | Chapter 4 | Chapter 5 | Chapter 6

 

Chapter 3 - Supporting families to graduate out of poverty through integrated packages of services and transfers

 

Article 1 - Introduction - Valerie Schmitt / Loveleen De, ILO

Summary

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Article 2 - Providing an integrated package of services and support to poor families through the Benazir Income Support Programme (BISP) initiatives in Pakistan - Nouman Ghani, BISP / Loveleen De, ILO

The Benazir Income Support Programme is a targeted programme to reduce poverty and uplift underprivileged and vulnerable families in Pakistan. It is the largest direct cash transfer scheme in the country and is implemented all across Pakistan with special attention accorded to remote areas. BISP aims to provide an integrated package of transfers and complementary social security interventions to promote education and use of better healthcare services, ensure sufficient nutrition, and improve the livelihoods of families in order to increase their chances of graduating out of poverty.

BSSP includes four special initiatives, including provision of small loans to women for entrepreneurial ventures, vocational training up to a year, financial assistance for basic healthcare, and a cash transfer conditional to primary school enrolment for children. For the conditional initiative, co-responsibilities of beneficiary households include admitting the children in primary schools and maintaining at least 70% quarterly attendance. A compliance monitoring mechanism is in place and in case of two consecutive non-compliances, the benefits are suspended. BISP also provides cash payments for emergency relief to families affected by terrorism, war and natural disasters.

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Article 3 - Improving the lives of rural unskilled and semi-skilled workers through the NREGA in India - Loveleen De, ILO

NREGA is a Public Works Programme that targets unemployed adult members of rural households. It provides 100 days of unskilled manual labour in a year to every household and covers some of the most backward districts in the country. The programme serves to provide an alternative source of income during weak farming seasons brought on by poor monsoons and droughts. It helps to avoid migration to overcrowded urban areas in search of work and also aims to protect the natural resources in the country.

The government expenditure under NREGA has increased considerably every year since its inception. Almost a third of all rural households in India have worked under NREGA at some point of time. Labourers have shown preference for working here rather than with farm owners or private contractors due to the fixed and steady wages. NREGA workers comprise 52% women on an average, many of whom take up employment for a short time while their husbands are away in cities to earn money. The programme has also covered the backward sections of the society, classified as Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes, depending on their economic and social situation.

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Article 4 - Alleviating poverty and improving nutrition through the Food Security and Emergency Programme (PISAE) in Bolivia - Loveleen De, ILO

Bolivia is one of the poorest countries in Latin America with about 2/3rd of its population of 9.5 million living below the poverty line. Threats to food security in the country include frequent, natural disasters, insufficient food production, difficult access to food and low education levels on nutrition. PISAE aims to to address the twin objectives of disaster risk management and food insecurity. Stunting is common among children in Bolivia. The programme expects to tackle this issue while giving families an additional source of income.

In Phase I of the programme, women built and regenerated communal and family orchards so that they could grow vegetables. This was expected to result in better nutritional intake by family members, enabling them to spend their savings on children’s education. In Phase II, farmers worked to build defensive barriers in exchange for coupons that the families could use to buy food in grocery stores. This was expected to also protect homes against river flooding.

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Article 5 - Case management and family contract of Chile Solidario - José Francisco Fernández, Ministry of Social Development / María Pía Martin, University of Chile / Silvia Di Gaetano, ILO

According to the IMF, Chile had in 2012 a GDP per capita of U.S.$ 18,419 measured in purchasing power parity (PPP). This was due largely to economic stability and accumulated growth. Nevertheless, in the early 2000, the existence of extreme poverty created a need for social policies to facilitate economic growth. A lot of different programmes, not coordinated at family level, generated duplications and inefficiencies. Therefore, there was a need for a new social programme.

Chile Solidario started in 2002 to benefit 225 thousand extremely poor families, (5.6% of the national population). It provides support to the poorest households in Chile across seven dimensions: education, health, income, employment, household dynamics, housing and registration. Unlike conditional cash transfer programmes in the region, which are mainly focused on schooling, health and nutrition, Chile Solidario acknowledges the multidimensional nature of poverty to a much greater extent. It also addresses social exclusion and extends the concept of what can be termed as ‘social guarantees’, i.e. basic level of services guaranteed by public agencies to all citizens. In this way, Chile Soldario adds an important new qualitative dimension to social policy reform and suggests that a more progressive and dynamic approach to poverty relief is possible.

For the complete paper, please click here.

 

Article 6 - Offering a combined benefit package through the single window service approach of Samajik Suvidha Sangam (Mission Convergence) in Delhi, India - Vandana Singh, Food Security Foundation India / Loveleen De, ILO

Samajik Suvidha Sangam (SSS) was conceived to help the Government of Delhi, India realise its goals of poverty alleviation and inclusive growth through efficient delivery of social and employment services. It is an initiative to integrate existing social security schemes and deliver them through a one-stop service structure and in a decentralized manner. It also places focus on empowering women through interventions in the areas of livelihood improvement, healthcare, non-formal education and legal literacy.

SSS helps beneficiaries by facilitating access to social protection programmes and schemes; providing education and vocational training; empowering women by organising health camps; providing job opportunities and micro-enterprise support. SSS acts as an intermediary between beneficiaries and social protection providers by identifying, enroling and verifying beneficiaries. It maintains a database of beneficiaries which contains their socioeconomic details and is used by service delivery partners for 38 social welfare schemes.

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Article 7 - Purpose and design of the One Stop Crisis Centres in Thailand and their potential role in expansion to social security and employment services coverage for informal economy workers - Wanchat Suwankitti, NESDB / Jittima Srisuknam, ILO / Valerie Schmitt, ILO

Executive summary

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Article 8 - The SSDM in Cambodia and linkages with existing PWPs, HEFs, school feeding and the proposed cash transfer programme for pregnant mothers and children - H.E. Sann Vathana, CARD / Valerie Schmitt, ILO / Malika Ok, ILO

Executive summary

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