Chapter 4

Guide: Structure | Chapter 1 | Chapter 2 | Chapter 3 | Chapter 4 | Chapter 5 | Chapter 6

 

Chapter 4 - Linking employment and social protection through integrated packages of transfers and measures to increase employability and facilitate return to work

 

Article 1 - Introduction - Celine Peyron Bista, ILO

Summary

For the complete introduction, please click here.

 

Article 2 - Promoting an integrated approach to unemployment protection in Viet Nam - Trung Le Quang, MOLISA / Celine Peyron Bista, ILO

Executive summary

For the complete paper, please click here.

 

Article 3 - Guaranteeing employment and vocational training for the youth in Argentina - Enrique Deibe / Monica Muscolino, MOL / Silvia di Gaetano, ILO

Argentina has several contributive and non-contributive programmes designed to address problems associated to the labour market. The international crisis created the need to strengthen and extend such programmes to face the consequences of reduced economic dynamism and consequently the creation of jobs. Year after year, young people continue to join the labour market presenting a significant challenge in terms of employment. According to data from early 2007, the number of unemployed young people not having completed secondary school was 224,000, while the number of unemployed young people (to 24 years of age), irrespective of schooling completed, totalled 660,000. Hence, in times of crisis, programmes for protection from unemployment, together with others that also provide income for inactive people must face the twofold challenge of containing premature entry into the labour market, together with the need to provide resources to persons who, having joined the labour market, are unprotected.

The paper discusses the position of an important programme tackling youth employment: “Young People with More and Better Work” (Jóvenes con Más y Mejor Trabajo). It was started in June 2008 and is co-fi nanced with funds from the National Budget and the IBRD loan. The programme is addressed to young people aged 18 to 24, with permanent residence in Argentina, who have not completed primary and/or secondary schooling, and are unemployed. Its aim is to create opportunities for social and labour inclusion for the young, through integrated actions enabling the latter to construct the professional profile with which they wish to work, complete their compulsory schooling, undergo training and skill-gaining experiences in work settings, start an independent productive activity, or get a job.

For the complete pape in Spanish, please click here.

For the complete paper in English, click here.

 

Article 4 - Increasing youth employability through the Service Civique; evidence from the active solidarity income programme RSA in France - Martin Hirsch, France / Marion Maurice / Celine Peyron Bista / Thibault van Langenhove, ILO

Despite high economic growth in the past and a relatively comprehensive social protection system, 14% of the population of France lives below the poverty line. Most of them are working age people with a high proportion of single mothers with children. While half of them are unemployed, the other half comprises working people whose incomes fall below the poverty threshold. At the same time, youth unemployment has become a severe problem, regularly exceeding 20%. There is a high concentration of young people in insecure employment such as short-term contracts and temporary jobs.

The RSA is an evidence-based policy that aims at making work pay. It targets low-income workers, particularly single parents by guaranteeing a minimum income depending on the household composition. It also provides a complementary allowance (taking into account the salaries of the household members) to raise the household income to a guaranteed level and provide an incentive to work. For the complete paper on RSA, please click here.

The Service Civique allows volunteers in the 16-25 age group, irrespective of their education levels, to take up general interest missions for an NGO, a local community or a public body. In return it provides social protection benefits and financial compensation lower than the minimum wage, so as not to replace permanent employment. After three years of implementation, it was observed that the Service Civique has a significant impact in helping the youth to prepare for employment and the resumption of studies. For the complete paper on the Service Civique, please click here.

 

Article 5 - Providing temporary income support through expanded PWPs in the infrastructure, environmental, social and industrial sectors in South Africa - Loveleen De, ILO

The Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP) in South Africa aims to provide public goods and services labour-intensively and through a public-private cooperation model. It is not intended to solve the structural unemployment problem, but is an element within a broader government strategy to alleviate unemployment and reduce poverty through temporary work. The programme is a  means to provide exposure to employment in a country where a very high proportion of the unemployed have never been employed. 70% of the 16-34 age group has never worked, while 59% of all unemployed people have never worked.

EPWP aims to create work opportunities in building civil infrastructure, environmental projects, social programmes based on community care workers, and developing small enterprises. EPWP helped expand the traditional focus of PWPs from infrastructure to social, environmental and economic activities. It did not develop a new programme, but consolidated and expanded best practices across existing government initiatives. Phase II of the programme which started in 2009 tries to put greater focus on full-time jobs rather than short-term opportunities.

For the complete paper, please click here.

 

Article 6 - The Return to Work Programme in Malaysia - Roshaimi Rosely, Perkeso  / Gayatri Vadivel, Perkeso / Celine Peyron Bista, ILO / Seil Oh, ILO / Cheng, ILO

Executive summary

For the complete paper, please click here.

 

Article 7 - Tripartite agreement in the Republic of Korea to reinforce the social safety net to make work pay - Jai-Joon Hur, Korea Labor Institute / Seil Oh, ILO

Executive summary

For the complete paper, please click here.

 

Article 8 - Financing skills development through the National Training Funds in Cambodia - H.E. Heng Sour, MOLVT / Loveleen De, ILO

The National Social Protection Strategy for the Poor and Vulnerable people in Cambodia aims to help people deal with economic and social risks through the provision of social security services such as vocational training. The National Training Fund aims to finance skill training by providing government and non-government funds and incentives to training institutions, enterprises and the private sector to upgrade and expand their training programmes. It also provides micro-credit loan facilities for small entrepreneurs in urban and rural areas.

It serves to link employment and social protection through the provision of training and micro-credit facilities to increase employability and facilitate return to work. The impact of on the poor was seen to be direct, concrete and substantial. The Fund proved to be an efficient way to empower the poor by providing skills for wage-based and self employment. It also provided concrete opportunities for training graduates to apply their acquired skills to self-employment.

For the complete paper, please click here.

 

Article 9 - Alleviating poverty and promoting training and entrepreneurship for Malaysia’a low income households through the 1AZAM programmes - Wan Zulkfli Wan Setapa, MOHR / Loveleen De, ILO

1AZAM is the flagship initiative of the Government Transformation Programme (GTP) 1.0 - National Key Results Area (NKRA) of "Raising Living Standards of Low-Income Households (LIH)". The LIH NKRA aspires to reduce poverty from the current rate of 3.8% to 2% and empower poor households. There are four programmes under 1AZAM which facilitate job placement and training, provide loans and support to set up small business ventures, inlcuding agricultural ventures. It also provides insurance for death and illnesses and low-cost housing facilities.

Based on the lessons learned from GTP 1.0, GTP 2.0 will work more closely with other ministries and NKRAs. The present database will be improved and more NGOs and CSOs will be involved in providing and updating information. The second phase will also enable beneficiaries to move out of poverty through skill training in household management and the introduction of branchless banking.

For the complete paper, please click here.

 

Article 10 - Improving employability and providing better jobs to the youth in the Philippines - Sandra Rothbeck, GIZ

Executive summary

For the complete paper, please click here.

2950