Chapter 6
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Chapter 6 - Improving transparency and traceability through management information systems
Article 1 - Introduction - Thibault van Langenhove, ILO
Summary
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Article 2 - Operating a registry for poor populations through a national public bank in Brazil - Joana Mostafa, Ministry of Social Development (MDS) / Nátalia Sátyro, UFMG / Silvia di Gaetano, ILO
Cadastro Único is the main registry for the purpose of programmes and policies directed to low income populations in Brazil. It was put into effective use during the first administration of the labour party President Lula, elected in 2003. The registry contains the basic person and household identification and profile data, grouped in 6 basic sets of data: person identification, family identification, household characteristics, schooling information and work and income information. There are other supplementary data collection such as household expenditures, programme participation, traditional communities’ characteristics and vulnerability situations (homeless, child labour, among others).
As of February 2013, Cadastro Único had data on 25.3 million families and more than a 100 million people, representing over 53% of Brazil’s population. The main user of Cadastro Único is the conditional cash transfer Programa Bolsa Família. The entire payment operation is managed by CAIXA, a national public bank, the second largest in the country.
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Article 3 - System of identification for social assistance beneficiaries (SISBEN) in Colombia - Lucia Mina Rosero / Alfredo Sarmiento / Lina María Castaño Mesa, Ministry of Planning / Silvia di Gaetano, ILO
SISBEN is a system for selecting beneficiaries for social programmes in Colombia. The system includes a set of norms and procedures defined at central level and operated at municipal level to gather information necessary to calculate the welfare index and select beneficiaries for the numerous social programmes.The general objective of SISBEN was to establish a uniform mechanism for selecting beneficiaries of social spending to be used by all government levels.
SISBEN has two main components. The first is the welfare index or SISBEN Index which determines the welfare level of the family on the basis of a statistical model using a small number of variables. The second are the procedures to gather information on those variables, to guarantee its quality, entry data into computers, and for management of databases.
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Article 4 - The database and smart card system of Rashtriya Swathiya Bima Yojna (RSBY) - Anil Swarup, MOL / Nishant Jain, GIZ / Loveleen De, ILO
RSBY is a health insurance scheme targeting the Below Poverty Line population in India. It targets informal economy workers and their families by covering hospitalization related expenses and improving access to quality healthcare services. It also helps to empower beneficiaries by giving them the choice to select any public or private healthcare service provider for treatment. RSBY was designed as a cashless and paperless scheme, keeping in mind beneficiaries who could not be expected to pay cash up-front to healthcare providers and who were illiterate and found it difficult to undertake documentation. The scheme is portable across the country, to aid migratory workers.
RSBY provides a smart card to each beneficiary family at the time of enrolment. The card is prepared and printed on-the-spot in the village and handed over to the beneficiary. It also stores one thumb impression of each household member and can be used at any empanelled hospital across India. A third security measure is the Key Management System, which uses key smart cards to verify beneficiaries. One key card belonging to a government official and containing his fingerprints is used at the time of beneficiary enrolment. Another key card is used at the time of availing the healthcare services, to verify the beneficiary's identity.
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Article 5 - Linking NHSO in Thailand with the Ministry of Interior’s database - Netnapis Suchonwanich, Thailand / Thibault Van Langenhove, ILO
The success of three schemes in Thailand in achieving universal coverage relies on the extensive development of the national civil registration systems, and the national ID cards that allow for easy identification within the system. The national ID cards have led to great improvements in efficiency and transparency, as well as the prevention of fraud in membership registration and claims by healthcare providers. This unique ID number serves as a personal reference for membership registration (in, out, and across schemes), as well as for reference in medical and financial transactions, including disbursement of payment.
Though the ID cards have faced fraud, this issue is being addressed. The national ID card system is a large improvement over the previous system, and a system based entirely on smart cards will be a further improvement. From the Thai experience, there are five essential components for the use of an ID number to achieve universal coverage: population database, ID cards, card readers, beneficiary verification, and IT infrastructure.
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Article 6 - LabourNet’s use of information technology to reach out to informal economy workers in Karnataka, India - Meena Jain, LabourNet / Loveleen De, ILO
Executive summary
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